As mulheres estão avançando para a redução da defasagem salarial entre o que elas ganham e o que é pago aos homens. É o que revelam os dados do Cadastro de Empregados e Desempregados (Caged), divulgado semana passada. Com relação ao salário médio de admissão por grau de instrução, por exemplo, as mulheres sem escolaridade tiveram ajuste de 3,18% no emprego, enquanto homens na mesma condição receberam 0,82%, no período entre janeiro e setembro de 2014, em relação a igual período do ano passado.
Atualmente, a defasagem salarial de gênero ainda existe em todas as regiões do País. Dados da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílio 2013 (Pnad) – que é mais ampla que o Caged por abranger outras formas de trabalho sem carteira assinada – mostram que no início da década passada o rendimento das mulheres equivalia a 70% do rendimento dos homens.
Dez anos depois, em 2012, a diferença, segundo a Pnad, ficou ainda maior, subindo a 73%. No grupo com 12 anos ou mais de estudo, o rendimento feminino cai para 66% da renda masculina.
No último ano, os números do Caged mostram uma tendência consistente inversa, de melhora para as mulheres. “Na questão de gênero, tem acontecido nos últimos meses – e neste mês isso se repetiu – que o aumento salarial das mulheres foi superior, em termos percentuais, ao dos homens”, afirma o ministro do Trabalho, Manoel Dias.
Como consequência, explica ele, há uma perspectiva real de que os salários sejam mais equilibrados entre os dois sexos em um futuro próximo.
A pesquisa aponta que, no nível fundamental completo, os homens tiveram uma variação de 1,84% no emprego formal, na passagem de 2013 para 2014, enquanto para as mulheres a variação foi de 2,52% em igual período. No nível médio completo os homens avançaram 0,59% e as mulheres, 1,82%, revela o Caged.
Reduções menores
Segundo o levantamento do ministério, os dados apontam que as mulheres obtiveram comportamento mais favorável em termos de aumentos salariais em relação aos homens em quase todos os níveis de escolaridade. No ensino superior completo os homens apresentaram uma redução no salário de admissão de 3,50%, enquanto as mulheres registraram uma perda de 0,46%.
“Neste grau de instrução se verifica o maior diferencial entre os salários de admissão da mulher versus o dos homens (64,74%). Esse resultado dá continuidade ao processo paulatino de recuperação dos salários das mulheres comparativamente o dos homens, verificado nos últimos anos”, diz o estudo.
A recuperação do salário feminino diminui enquanto avança a escolaridade. No nível superior completo, por exemplo, o salário masculino do emprego com carteira assinada avançou 1,17% no período, enquanto o das mulheres variou 1,74%.
“Os salários médios de admissão das mulheres mostram uma maior representatividade nos níveis de escolaridade mais baixos em relação aos dos homens: analfabeto (94,75%) e até o quinto ano incompleto do ensino fundamental (83,05%)”, conclui o estudo do Ministério do Trabalho.
Fonte: Vermelho
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