Conheça a fascinante história de Aracy Guimarães Rosa. Ela salvou judeus na Alemanha nazista, enfrentou as leis anti-semitas do Estado Novo, e ainda escondeu perseguidos políticos durante a ditadura militar brasileira. O apelido de anjo não lhe foi dado em vão.
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Dona Aracy ficou conhecida como a segunda esposa do escritor João Guimarães Rosa, a quem, dedicou o livro “Grande Sertão Veredas”. Mas sua história de vida vai muito além de ter sido a companheira deste grande escritor. Ela é a única mulher citada no Museu do Holocausto de Jerusalém como um dos diplomatas ou funcionários que ajudaram a salvar a vida de judeus. Por ter salvo inúmeras famílias judias durante a segunda Guerra Mundial, recebeu em 1982, o título de “Justa entre as nações”. Aracy foi colocada por Israel no mesmo patamar de mitos como Oskar Schindler. Na comunidade judaica, ela é conhecida como “O anjo de Hamburgo”.
Sua história é pouco conhecida pela maioria dos brasileiros. Paranaense, filha de uma imigrante alemã e de um brasileiro, casou-se cedo, com o alemão Johannes Edward Tess, com quem teve o filho Eduardo e de quem se separou numa época em que casamentos não eram desfeitos. Viver no Brasil fortemente machista da época não era nada fácil para uma mulher desquitada. Assim, em 1934, ela se mudou para a casa de uma tia na Alemanha com o filho. Por ser fluente em alemão, francês e inglês foi trabalhar no consulado brasileiro de Hamburgo. Lá era responsável pelo setor de vistos e foi ali que ela se tornou uma heroína.
A jovem Aracy, que aos 26 anos fascinava a todos por sua beleza, não deu importância ao que poderia acontecer consigo e ignorou o impedimento para a entrada de judeus no Brasil determinado pelo Itamaraty. Aracy ignorou a circular, por achar aquilo um absurdo, e por sua conta e risco continuou a preparar os processos, à revelia das ordens do Itamaraty e de seus superiores no consulado. Como despachava diretamente com o cônsul geral, no meio dos papéis, enfiava os vistos que ele assinava sem ler, e assim muitas vidas foram salvas. Ela ajudou na concessão de dezenas de vistos para os refugiados do nazismo nas décadas de 30 e 40. Muitos judeus vinham de outras cidades; mas para que os seus passaportes pudessem ser processados em Hamburgo, tinham que provar que moravam na região. Ela conseguia os atestados, e quando entravam com os papéis, já tinham esta dificuldade resolvida.
Segundo a Concise Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, editada pela International School for Holocaust Studies, Yad Vashem, Aracy começou a ajudar os judeus depois da noite de 9 de novembro de 1938, que ficou conhecido como Kristallnacht – Noite dos Cristais. Na ocasião, nazistas na Alemanha e na Áustria atacaram e destruíram sinagogas, residências e estabelecimentos comerciais judaicos. Mataram cerca de 90 pessoas, marcando o início da repressão aos judeus que terminaria no extermínio puro e simples. Dona de uma personalidade forte, Aracy não se intimidava quando era parada pela Gestapo. Enfrentava os policiais de dedo em riste, desconcertando-os com seu alemão impecável.
De acordo com os testemunhos de judeus que foram salvos por Aracy, ela os acompanhava até o camarote do navio para assegurar proteção diplomática e, muitas vezes, levava as jóias, bens e dinheiro dos refugiados em sua bolsa para evitar que fossem confiscados pela polícia nazista. Uma das tantas vidas salvas por ela é Maria Margareth Bertel Levy que, em 2006, gravou um depoimento ao historiador René Decol: “Aracy me levou pessoalmente ao navio, usando seu passaporte diplomático.” Margareth talvez seja a última das pessoas salvas por Aracy ainda viva. “Pelas informações que tenho, minha mãe deve ter salvo, no total, cerca de 100 pessoas”, calcula Tess. Em 1983, quando recebeu a homenagem do Estado de Israel, numa das raras vezes em que falou sobre si, Aracy disse: “Nunca tive medo, quem tinha medo era o Joãozinho (o escritor Guimarães Rosa). Ele dizia que eu exagerava, mas não se metia muito e me deixava ir fazendo”, disse Aracy ao Jornal do Brasil.
Na época em que Aracy se tornou um anjo para os judeus, o diplomata João Guimarães Rosa, que depois se tornaria um dos maiores escritores brasileiros, foi nomeado cônsul-adjunto em
Hamburgo, em 1938. Rosa que tinha pleno conhecimento das ações transgressoras de Aracy a apoiava plenamente. Eles se casaram em 1940. Viveram em Hamburgo, sob bombardeios da RAF (Royal Air Force). Voltaram ao Brasil em 1942, depois de um tempo em Baden Baden, onde viveram com as porções racionadas de comida e sem calefação. Casaram-se por procuração no México – as leis brasileiras não permitiam o casamento de dois desquitados. Em terra natal, Aracy abriu mão da carreira diplomática por causa do amor a seu Joãozinho, apelido carinhoso pelo qual chamava o escritor. Era proibido que duas pessoas casadas trabalhassem na mesma embaixada.
Depois do período em que o escritor trabalhou na embaixada de Bogotá, na Colômbia, os dois foram para o Rio de Janeiro, onde passaram a maior parte da vida. A família conta que Aracy ficava sentada ao lado de Guimarães enquanto ele escrevia – invariavelmente, lia trechos para ela. Guimarães dedicou o livro Grande Sertão: Veredas para a mulher, com a seguinte frase: “À Ara – minha mulher, muito amada, minha companheira para sempre – com a vida e o carinho do seu Joãozinho”. Ou melhor dedicado, não; dado: “A Aracy, minha mulher, Ara, pertence esse livro”, diz a epígrafe.
No Brasil, ela também ajudou a perseguidos da ditadura militar como o jornalista Franklin de Oliveira, em 1964, a quem ajudaram a se exilar, e, em 1968, já viúva, escondeu em sua casa no Rio de Janeiro o cantor e compositor Geraldo Vandré, perseguido pela repressão política. Vandré ficou escondido no apartamento onde o escritor vivera, e onde morrera um ano antes. Com vista para o Forte de Copacabana, ironicamente, Vandré acompanhava do gabinete de trabalho onde fora escrito Grande Sertão: Veredas a movimentação do exército no encalço dos perseguidos políticos da época – ele mesmo inclusive.
Pelo seu trabalho em Hamburgo, em 1983, Aracy de Carvalho Guimarães Rosa foi incluída entre os nomes que estão no Jardim dos Justos, no Museu do Holocausto, em Jerusalém. Trata-se de uma homenagem e um reconhecimento que o Estado de Israel presta aos não-judeus que ajudaram judeus a escapar do genocídio. Entre os mais famosos estão o empresário alemão Oskar Schindler – que inspirou o cineasta Steven Spielberg no filme “A lista de Schindler”, e o diplomata sueco Raoul Wallenberg. Apenas outro brasileiro, o embaixador Luiz de Souza Dantas (1876-1954), recebeu a mesma homenagem, em 2003. “Discreta, sem jamais ter caído na tentação de se promover por ter sido quem foi, Aracy paga hoje o preço do esquecimento”, diz o historiador e escritor René Daniel Decol, empenhado no resgate dessa personagem. “Até sua influência sobre o escritor tem sido negligenciada pela crítica, pelos historiadores da literatura e pela mídia.”
Uma mulher fascinante, corajosa, moderna, humanista, uma brasileira de grande valor, uma verdadeira cidadã do mundo, que lutou contra o que há de mais perverso. Dona Aracy deveria ter seu nome entre os heróis dos nossos livros de História e até mesmo figurar como nome de rua ou de escola. Essa mulher, quando é lembrada, é citada apenas como esposa do grande escritor Guimarães Rosa. Mas para muitas famílias judias e para aqueles que conhecem a sua história ela será sempre um anjo. Aracy faleceu em 28 de fevereiro de 2011, aos 102 anos, vítima do Mal de Alzheime.
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