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Economia

Igualdade salarial é a luta que as mulheres enfrentam todos os dias.

Economia

Elas ainda ganham menos

Após dez anos em queda, a diferença salarial entre homens e mulheres voltou a crescer em 2012, segundo a Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílio (Pnad), realizada pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). Em 2012, as mulheres tiveram um rendimento mensal equivalente a 72,9% do dos homens e ganharam, em média, R$ 460,00 a menos. Em 2004, a proporção registrada foi de 63,6% e, até 2011, o crescimento vinha sendo constante: em 2011, a diferença alcançou 26,3%, o que aponta uma diminuição de 10% em relação a 2004.

A região Norte é a que apresenta menor diferença de salários entre homens e mulheres: elas ganham, em geral, 15,58% a menos. Já na região Sul, recebem até 69,7% do rendimento masculino. O IBGE também pesquisou mulheres que embolsam até um salário mínimo mensal e concluiu que o número chega a 33,3% enquanto que entre eles, é quase 10% menor: 23,7%. Além disso, proporcionalmente, as mulheres empregadas que não recebem remuneração, apenas benefícios, chegam a 9%. Os homens perfazem 5,4%.

A Confederação Nacional Sindical pesquisou 20 países e concluiu que o Brasil é o que apresenta a maior diferença salarial entre homens e mulheres. A média em outros países é de 22% de disparidade. Ainda de acordo com o estudo, a maioria das mulheres brasileiras ocupa níveis hierárquicos mais baixos e trabalha em setores de menor índice salarial ou em empresas de pequeno porte, que oferecem menores rendimentos. Segundo o diretor de marketing do site de empresas Catho, Luís Testa, “no mercado de trabalho, as oportunidades para as mulheres são mais limitadas”.

| Direitos iguais

O direito das mulheres receberem salários equivalentes aos dos homens está estabelecido na Consolidação das Leis de Trabalho (CLT) e também na Constituição Federal de 1988. O Projeto de Lei 103/2011 prevê multa para as empresas que pagarem menores salários às mulheres que exercem o mesmo cargo que os homens. A multa pode chegar a cinco vezes o valor da diferença de remuneração. No entanto, o Projeto está parado no Congresso, aguardando votação.

O advogado Alexandre Gaiofatto de Souza afirma que “atualmente as mulheres que exercem a mesma função que homens, na mesma empresa, na mesma região e com menos de dois anos no cargo, já podem pedir na justiça do trabalho salários iguais, sem qualquer alteração na lei. Essa equiparação salarial pode ser pleiteada após a saída da funcionária e, se provada, a empresa é condenada a pagar a diferença à mulher empregada”.

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